====== Prototype 패턴 ======

===== 타입 =====
Creational Pattern

===== 문제 =====
새로운 객체를 만들려고할 때 드는 시간과 비용이 크다.

===== 해결 =====
clone() 가상 함수를 가지는 추상 클래스를 정의하고 파생 클래스에 clone() 함수를 통해 자기 자신을 복사하게 한다.

===== 클래스 다이어그램 =====
{{:programming:design_pattern:prototype.png|}}

===== 예제 =====

<file cpp prototype1.cpp>
/**
 * Implementation of Prototype Method 
 **/
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>
 
using namespace std;
 
enum RECORD_TYPE_en
{
  CAR,
  BIKE,
  PERSON
};
 
/**
 * Record is the base Prototype
 */
 
class Record
{
  public :
 
    Record() {}
 
    virtual ~Record() {}
 
    virtual Record* clone()=0;
 
    virtual void print()=0;
};
 
/**
 * CarRecord is a Concrete Prototype
 */
 
class CarRecord : public Record
{
  private:
    string m_carName;
    int m_ID;
 
  public:
    CarRecord(string carName, int ID)
      : Record()
      , m_carName(carName)
      ,m_ID(ID)
    {
    }
 
    CarRecord(const CarRecord& carRecord)
      : Record(carRecord)//call the base default copy  constructor
    {
      m_carName = carRecord.m_carName;
      m_ID = carRecord.m_ID;
    }
 
    ~CarRecord() {}
 
    Record* clone()
    {
      return new CarRecord(*this);
    }
 
    void print()
    {
      cout << "Car Record" << endl
        << "Name  : " << m_carName << endl
        << "Number: " << m_ID << endl << endl;
    }
};
 
 
/**
 * BikeRecord is the Concrete Prototype
 */
 
class BikeRecord : public Record
{
  private :
    string m_bikeName;
 
    int m_ID;
 
  public :
    BikeRecord(string bikeName, int ID)
      : Record()
      , m_bikeName(bikeName)
      , m_ID(ID)
    {
    }
 
    BikeRecord(const BikeRecord& bikeRecord)
      : Record(bikeRecord)
    {
      m_bikeName = bikeRecord.m_bikeName;
      m_ID = bikeRecord.m_ID;
    }
 
    ~BikeRecord() {}
 
    Record* clone()
    {
      return new BikeRecord(*this);
    }
 
    void print()
    {
      cout << "Bike Record" << endl
        << "Name  : " << m_bikeName << endl
        << "Number: " << m_ID << endl << endl;
    }
};
 
 
/**
 * PersonRecord is the Concrete Prototype
 */
 
class PersonRecord : public Record
{
  private :
    string m_personName;
 
    int m_age;
 
  public :
    PersonRecord(string personName, int age)
      : Record()
      , m_personName(personName)
      , m_age(age)
    {
    }
 
    PersonRecord(const PersonRecord& personRecord)
      : Record(personRecord)
    {
      m_personName = personRecord.m_personName;
      m_age = personRecord.m_age;
    }
 
    ~PersonRecord() {}
 
    Record* clone()
    {
      return new PersonRecord(*this);
    }
 
  void print()
  {
    cout << "Person Record" << endl
      << "Name : " << m_personName << endl
      << "Age  : " << m_age << endl << endl ;
  }
};
 
 
/**
 * RecordFactory is the client
 */
 
class RecordFactory
{
  private :
    map<RECORD_TYPE_en, Record* > m_recordReference;
 
  public :
    RecordFactory()
    {
      m_recordReference[CAR]  = new CarRecord("Ferrari", 5050);
      m_recordReference[BIKE] = new BikeRecord("Yamaha", 2525);
      m_recordReference[PERSON] = new PersonRecord("Tom", 25);
    }
 
    ~RecordFactory()
    {
      delete m_recordReference[CAR];
      delete m_recordReference[BIKE];
      delete m_recordReference[PERSON];
    }
 
    Record* createRecord(RECORD_TYPE_en enType)
    {
      return m_recordReference[enType]->clone();
    }
};
 
int main()
{
  RecordFactory* poRecordFactory = new RecordFactory();
 
  Record* poRecord;
  poRecord = poRecordFactory->createRecord(CAR);
  poRecord->print();
  delete poRecord;
 
  poRecord = poRecordFactory->createRecord(BIKE);
  poRecord->print();
  delete poRecord;
 
  poRecord = poRecordFactory->createRecord(PERSON);
  poRecord->print();
  delete poRecord;
 
  delete poRecordFactory;
  return 0;
}
</file>

<file cpp prototype2.cpp>
class CPrototypeMonster
 {
 protected:            
     CString           _name;
 public:
     CPrototypeMonster();
     CPrototypeMonster( const CPrototypeMonster& copy );
     virtual ~CPrototypeMonster();
  
     virtual CPrototypeMonster*    Clone() const=0; // This forces every derived class to provide an overload for this function.
     void        Name( CString name );
     CString    Name() const;
 };
  
 class CGreenMonster : public CPrototypeMonster
 {
 protected: 
     int         _numberOfArms;
    double      _slimeAvailable;
 public:
     CGreenMonster();
     CGreenMonster( const CGreenMonster& copy );
     ~CGreenMonster();
  
     virtual CPrototypeMonster*    Clone() const;
     void  NumberOfArms( int numberOfArms );
     void  SlimeAvailable( double slimeAvailable );
  
     int         NumberOfArms() const;
     double      SlimeAvailable() const;
 };
  
 class CPurpleMonster : public CPrototypeMonster
 {
 protected:
     int         _intensityOfBadBreath;
     double      _lengthOfWhiplikeAntenna;
 public:
     CPurpleMonster();
     CPurpleMonster( const CPurpleMonster& copy );
     ~CPurpleMonster();
  
     virtual CPrototypeMonster*    Clone() const;
  
     void  IntensityOfBadBreath( int intensityOfBadBreath );
     void  LengthOfWhiplikeAntenna( double lengthOfWhiplikeAntenna );
  
     int       IntensityOfBadBreath() const;
     double    LengthOfWhiplikeAntenna() const;
 };
  
 class CBellyMonster : public CPrototypeMonster
 {
 protected:
     double      _roomAvailableInBelly;
 public:
     CBellyMonster();
     CBellyMonster( const CBellyMonster& copy );
     ~CBellyMonster();
  
     virtual CPrototypeMonster*    Clone() const;
  
     void       RoomAvailableInBelly( double roomAvailableInBelly );
     double     RoomAvailableInBelly() const;
 };
  
 CPrototypeMonster* CGreenMonster::Clone() const
{
     return new CGreenMonster(*this);
 }
  
 CPrototypeMonster* CPurpleMonster::Clone() const
 {
     return new CPurpleMonster(*this);
 }
  
 CPrototypeMonster* CBellyMonster::Clone() const
{
     return new CBellyMonster(*this);
 }
 
// Client
 
 void DoSomeStuffWithAMonster( const CPrototypeMonster* originalMonster )
 {
     CPrototypeMonster* newMonster = originalMonster->Clone();
     ASSERT( newMonster );
  
     newMonster->Name("MyOwnMonster");
     // Add code doing all sorts of cool stuff with the monster.
     delete newMonster;
 }
</file>

===== 참고 =====
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Code/Design_Patterns#Prototype